Author(s): Guenther E. Frankenstein; C. Allen Wortley
Linked Author(s): Guenther Frankenstein
Keywords: No Keywords
Abstract: Successful methods of controlling ice in rivers and harbors where winter navigation is maintained are described. These methods are developed from field and laboratory research studies and from operating experiences. The control of ice is achieved through layout and design of harbor facilities, management of traffic operations, and by using chemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal methods including ice breaking channel and flow modifications, air bubbling, warm water discharges, resistance heating, coatings, and control structures. The control methods used must be evaluated in terms of reliability, safety, energy consumption, and environmental impact for costs and effectiveness for both docks and harbors. Thermal methods and mechanical methods are most favored by these criteria.
Year: 1984