Author(s): S. M. Aleinikov; B. E. Lyapin; M. I. Zhidkikh; A. V. A. V. Panyushkin; N. G. Khrapatyi
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Abstract: The paper deals with basic characteristics of icing. It is demonstrated that hydraulic structure elements are susceptible to atmospheric, ground, splash and submerged icing. The basic quantitative characteristics of icing are found to be its degree and intensity. The icing of hydraulic structures is looked upon as a surface process resulting from collision of water drops with the structure's surface followed by their spreading and freezing in the form of ice knots. The paper describes both active and passive de-icing techniques. Composite de-icing systems are also considered, the emphasis being placed on the surfaces noted for small specific free surface energy and their special role in constructing such systems. The ice adhesion to the structure materials and the effect of various factors on its strength are discussed. On the basis of laboratory, field and theoretical investigations, an integrated system designed to facilitate the operation of gates in extended navigation conditions has been developed.
Year: 1981