Author(s): Gabriele Freni; Stefania Piazza; Mariacrocetta Sambito

Linked Author(s): Gabriele Freni

Keywords: Water distribution networks Drought Performance indicators equitable distribution of resources

Abstract: Urban population growth and increasing water demands, compounded by reduced freshwater availability, have led to the widespread implementation of intermittent water supply (IWS) systems. Often employed in developing and developed regions during water scarcity, these systems involve distributing water rotationally to different zones. While IWS requires less financial investment, its operational inconsistencies result in inequitable water distribution, compromised quality, and infrastructural degradation. Consumers adapt by storing water in private reservoirs, leading to peak flows that exacerbate pressure imbalances and resource inequities, particularly disadvantaging users at higher elevations or further from supply nodes. Additionally, cyclic pipe draining and refilling in IWS systems facilitate microbial contamination and soil intrusion, posing public health risks. Socio-economic disparities are amplified as affluent neighbourhoods often receive more reliable service. Droughts further stress urban water supplies, necessitating costly emergency measures that disproportionately impact low-income households. The challenges associated with IWS highlight the need for improved design and management strategies, including equitable distribution mechanisms, infrastructure upgrades, and alternative water sources. To address these issues, performance indicators tailored for intermittent systems can identify disadvantaged users and guide interventions for improved service equity and reliability. Holistic strategies integrating socio-economic, environmental, and technical aspects are essential for long-term resilience.

DOI:

Year: 2025