Author(s): Kang Wan; Zhenju Chuang; Chenxiang Zhang
Linked Author(s):
Keywords: Icebreaker bow; Multi-objective optimization; NSGA-III; Hydrodynamic performance; Ice resistance; Parametric design
Abstract: The increasing strategic value of Arctic shipping routes has heightened the demand for high-performance icebreakers. Traditional hull designs often focus on single performance metrics, whereas polar icebreakers require a comprehensive balance between ice resistance and hydrodynamic performance. This study takes a PC6-class icebreaker as the object and conducts a multi-objective optimization design of its bow lines, aiming to enhance its comprehensive navigation performance in complex polar environments. Methodologically, a fully parametric model of the hull form is established. For ice resistance, a nonlinear finite element method is employed to build a ship-ice collision model, with simulations conducted under various operational conditions. For hydrodynamic performance, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to predict wave-making resistance. Ultimately, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed with targets including ice resistance and wave resistance. In terms of the optimization framework, the Sobol sequence is combined to screen the parent hull and build a database. Ensemble learning is then utilized to train an efficient surrogate model for performance prediction. Finally, an improved NSGA-III algorithm is applied to achieve the optimal hull form design under multiple objectives by varying bow parameters. This process establishes a hull optimization system comprising four coupled modules: parametric modeling, ship performance prediction, surrogate model forecasting, and optimization algorithm screening. The results indicate that the optimized hull form achieves a favorable balance between ice resistance and hydrodynamic performance. Key parameters, such as the frame angle and stem angle, are significantly improved, effectively enhancing the vessel's overall navigation performance in complex polar conditions. The optimization system developed in this research demonstrates high feasibility and efficiency, providing a systematic theoretical foundation and technical support for icebreaker hull design, with reference value for polar ship design and maritime development.
Year: 2026