Author(s): Ezgi Budak Cotel; Gokalp Dogukan Demirbas; Doga Derman Cicek; Abiddin Berhan Melek
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Abstract: This study numerically investigates the interaction between two-layer stratified opposing flows and side-by-side circular bridge piers. A three-dimensional open-channel configuration is considered, where warm and cold water layers enter the domain from opposing directions, creating a stable density interface and cross-flow conditions. The analysis focuses on the development of mean flow features and turbulence structures, including gap flow acceleration, wake interaction, and recirculation zones. Results from a representative simulation case illustrate how density stratification and velocity contrast modify the flow field around the piers. The findings provide insight into flow–structure interaction in stratified environments relevant to rivers, estuaries, and thermally influenced channels.
Year: 2026