Author(s): Jun Wu; Bin Fang; Gang Wu
Linked Author(s):
Keywords: Polar vessels; Propulsion system; Ice-propeller interaction; Ice-class; Hybrid propulsion; Over-torque
Abstract: With the increasing strategic value of Arctic shipping and the rise in polar activities, the design of polar icebreakers faces significant challenges. The propulsion system, as a core component, substantially impacts a vessel's icebreaking capability and operational reliability. This paper systematically analyzes the key characteristics of propulsion systems for polar icebreakers, specifically focusing on how severe torque fluctuations driven by "ice-propeller interaction" influence system selection. Building on this foundation, we conduct an in-depth technical comparison of the advantages, drawbacks, and operational adaptability of three primary propulsion types. By analyzing case studies of representative vessels, this paper evaluates the effects of specialized technologies—including flywheels, Power Take-In (PTI) systems, and combined gas turbine configurations—on propulsion performance under icebreaking conditions. Finally, we give a recommended selection for propulsion systems for different ice class (PC1–PC7), providing practical engineering guidance for the propulsion system design and optimization of polar vessel.
Year: 2026